ABSTRACT
Aims:The study was carried out to investigate cashew extract as anti –urinary tract infection.Methods: The leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale)were extracted using ethanol and distilled water; however the leaf extracts of cashew were screened for anti-microbial activities by the in vitrocup-plate method of agar diffusion technique with concentration of about 10-5scells/ml of the selected bacteria; using ethanol and distilled water as control. Simultaneously; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the two extracts on selected bacteria were also determined. Results:The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic and aqueous extract against the two organisms was 0.0625 g/l; namelyE. coliand S. aureusexcept K. pneumoniaethat occurred at 0.125 g/l. The two extracts were bactericidal at 0.25 g/l and above; below this concentration there were differentiations in the organism’s reaction to the extracts; forinstance, the two extracts Original ResearchArticle at 0.125 g/l were cidal; to the other two organisms; only K. pneumoniaewas static. However at 0.0625g/l of the two extracts; the two organisms were static but K. pneumoniae showed growth.Conclusion:Hence the leaf extract of Anacardium occidentaledissolved in distilled water and ethanol are good potential for the development of antibacterial drugs for urinary tract pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Chrysophyllum albidum leaves extract on selected Gastro-instestinal bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysentariae, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Methodology: The leaves were extracted using ethanol, methanol and distilled water; the concentration of the extracts employed were 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml respectively; however the leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum were screened for anti-microbial activity using the in vitro cup-plate method of agar diffusion technique with concentration of 10-5cells/ml of the selected bacteria. Simultaneously, 30 µg tetracycline and 30 µg metronidazole were used as positive control. Results: The result showed that the most active among them is Tetracycline; followed by ethanolic extract, aqueous extract, methanolic extract and metronidazole extract respectively on the tested bacteria. Conclusion: This research justifies the traditional use of the leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum for the therapeutic purposes; hence can be commercialized by pharmaceutical outfit; if not for anything but its availability and readily for human consumption.
ABSTRACT
Sickle cell anaemia is one of the major types of anaemia found in Sudan; especially in western Sudan in which the sickle cell gene is frequent. This study estimates the prevalence of sickle cell anaemia in other areas rather than western Sudan where it is more prevalent (Algadaref state). 100 blood samples of blood were taken from differenttribes (eleven tribes) living in the northern area of Algadaref state. 24 samples were collected from urban area; 76 from rural area; all tribes originated from Afro-Asiatic speaking regions. All samples were tested for complete blood count (CBC); and haemoglobin electrophoresis. The study revealed that the majority of sickle cell anaemia cases was found among the Masaleet tribe. 20 samples were (Hb-SS); 55 samples were (Hb- AS) and 25 samples were (Hb -AA)